... deposits at Makauwahi Cave, on the south shore of Kaua'i, suggesting that this now rare and geographically limited species may have been much ...

... ovate hairless (or nearly so) leaves up to four inches (10 cm) long with sometimes entire, sometimes toothed, margins; leaves may sometimes have ...

... Koki'o seeds resemble those of Hawai'i's native cotton, maʻo (Gossypium tomentosum), which may explain why koki'o was once placed in the ...

... Watering may depend on the origin of the plants, but it appears to be rather adaptable. Still, it may be best to keep the soil on the moist side ...

... While it is naturally drought-tolerant, it may require more water when cultivated, especially in pots. If grown in containers ...

... It's important to note that ʻaʻaliʻi, like many native Hawaiian plants, may behave differently in cultivation than in its natural habitat ...

... residents mention dark-colored ʻōhiʻa flowers near Keahikawelo, Lānaʻi, that were described as either black or brown but may have actually ...

... periods. Mikinalo will also tolerate high winds at times, but may lose the dewy tips on the leaf tentacles. Not to fear, though ...

... As the plant grows, the leaves will harden and can be grown in sunnier locations, though it may need protection during the hottest parts of the ...

... On its stems, moa has tiny scalelike appendages called "enations," which may be reduced leaves; however, enations lack any veins ...