... 4 ft [1.2 m] long, with each pinna (leaflet) being deeply lobed. A unique identifying feature of laukahi is that the two to six pairs of pinnae at each ...

... of the native N. exaltata have densely packed, thick pinnae (frond segments) and no auricle (earlobe projection at the bottom of the pinna) where it ...

... D. kunthiana has numerous elliptical sori that are partially covered by clamshell-like indusia that open toward the pinna's midrib (Photograph ...

... to dark brown raised dots covering the underside of the blade's pinnae (1st division ... to ⅔ of the way to the costa (main axis of a pinna); C. chamissoi ...

... The ripe sori of kūau are arranged diagonally on the underside of its pinnae (Photograph courtesy of Kyhl Austin CC BY-NC 4.0.) ...

... Two straight secondary rachises, devoid of pinnae, emerge directly below the dormant bud and grow outward at a 45° angle ...

... mud or soil, periodically putting up leathery 1-pinnate (divided into leaflets on either side of a central stalk) fronds with deeply lobed pinnae (leaflets ...

... Veins are nearly invisible except near the pinnae margins. Old dead fronds are retained and form a "skirt" around the base of the fern ...