... In the Hawaiian Islands, niʻaniʻau and kupukupu (Nephrolepis cordifolia) are the only two native Nephrolepis species ...

... Native ferns such as palapalai (Microlepia strigosa), kupukupu (Nephrolepis cordifolia), or niʻaniʻau (Nephrolepis exaltata) may be planted ...

... ʻēkaha on an Oʻahu college campus and in a botanical garden growing with another indigenous fern, kupukupu (Nephrolepis cordifolia) ...