... The only other native Nephrolepis species in the Hawaiian Islands is niʻaniʻau and kupukupu (Nephrolepis cordifolia), a very close relative of N ...

... name ʻōkupukupu with the endemic subspecies Nephrolepis exaltata subsp. hawaiiensis, and, possibly, with N. cordifolia (more commonly called ...

... Native ferns such as palapalai (Microlepia setosa), kupukupu (Nephrolepis cordifolia), or niʻaniʻau (Nephrolepis exaltata) may be planted around ...