... a 1 meter (6 ft) spread of fronds growing to about 1.2 m (4 ft) and are broader at the centers than the shorter fronds of the indigenous N. cordifolia ...

... Native ferns such as palapalai (Microlepia strigosa), kupukupu (Nephrolepis cordifolia), or niʻaniʻau (Nephrolepis exaltata) may be planted ...

... cultivated ʻēkaha on an Oʻahu college campus and in a botanical garden growing with another indigenous fern, kupukupu (Nephrolepis cordifolia ...